For instance, 62% of adults say both men and women should be responsible for taking care of children. Many Indians express egalitarian views toward some gender roles in the home. 67%), according to the survey, which was conducted between late 2019 and early 2020 (mostly before the COVID-19 pandemic). Indian women are only slightly less likely than Indian men to say they completely agree that wives should always obey their husbands (61% vs. About nine-in-ten Indians agree with the notion that a wife must always obey her husband, including nearly two-thirds who completely agree with this sentiment. Yet, in domestic settings, Indians tend to say men should have more prominent roles than women. Only a quarter of Indian adults take the position that men make better political leaders than women. Today, most Indians say that “women and men make equally good political leaders,” and more than one-in-ten feel that women generally make better political leaders than men, according to a recent Pew Research Center survey of nearly 30,000 adults throughout India. More than half a century ago, India was one of the first countries in the world to elect a woman as prime minister, and the country currently has several highly influential women politicians, including Sonia Gandhi, the head of one of the major national parties. The questions used in this analysis can be found here. The survey is calculated to have covered 98% of Indians ages 18 and older and had an 86% national response rate.įor more information, see the Methodology for this report. Data was weighted to account for the different probabilities of selection among respondents, and to align with demographic benchmarks for the Indian adult population from the 2011 census. Respondents were selected using a probability-based sample design that would allow for robust analysis of all major religious groups in India – Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains – as well as all major regional zones.
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The questionnaire was developed in English and translated into 16 languages, independently verified by professional linguists with native proficiency in regional dialects.
To improve respondent comprehension of survey questions and to ensure all questions were culturally appropriate, the Center followed a multiphase questionnaire development process that included expert review, focus groups, cognitive interviews, a pretest and a regional pilot survey before the national survey. Interviews for this nationally representative survey were conducted face-to-face under the direction of RTI International from Nov. The survey also included several questions on gender roles in Indian society, but these questions were not analyzed in the previous report and are now being published for the first time. Many findings from the survey in India were previously published in “ Religion in India: Tolerance and Segregation,” which looked in detail at religious and national identity, religious beliefs and practices, and attitudes among religious communities. For this report, we surveyed 29,999 Indian adults (including 22,975 Hindus, 3,336 Muslims, 1,782 Sikhs, 1,011 Christians, 719 Buddhists, 109 Jains and 67 respondents who belong to another religion or are religiously unaffiliated). This study is part of Pew Research Center’s most comprehensive, in-depth exploration of India to date.
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